E. O. A. Bakr, A. M. Abdel-Samee and M. M. Shetaewi
Animal and Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Environmental Agricultural Sciences, Arish University, North Sinai, Egypt.
The study aimed to evaluate the effect of feeding Moringa oleifera leaves meal (MOLM) on productivity of growing rabbits and some related blood changes. Forty five weaned New Zealand White rabbits of both sexes aged 6 weeks and weighted 800 ± 39 g were randomly divided into three groups (15 each). Rabbits were fed diets containing 0%, 3% and 6% MOLM as substitute of alfalfa hay and soybean meal at (2:1) as T0, T3 and T6, respectively. The experimental diets were iso-nitrogenous (16.2 % CP) and iso-caloric (2530 kcal DE/kg diet). All the experimental diets were formulated to cover the nutrient requirements of rabbits. The experimental diets and fresh water were supplied ad-libitum throughout the experimental period (8 wk).Results revealed that inclusion of MOLM in rabbit diets did not significantly affected either feed intake, feed conversion or carcass traits. Albumin and ALT significantly affected due to MOLM feeding. Similarly, Mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), platelets counts, white blood cells (WBC), neutrophils and segmented cells were significantly affected by dietary treatment. MCV and MCH were decreased, however, platelet counts, WBC, neutrophils and segmented cells were increased (P<0.05) in rabbits fed MOLM diet compared to control. There were no significant differences among dietary treatments in blood hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cell (RBCs) mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentrations (MCHC) and basophils. All blood biochemical and hematological parameters were within the normal range for healthy rabbits.Therefore, it can be concluded that inclusion of Moringa oleifera leaves meal in the diets of weaned New Zealand White rabbits up to 6% under North Sinai conditions had no adverse effects on its productivity and their blood profile. Moreover, these substitutions had not any bad effects on peripheral sings of health or internal sings, kidney, liver or blood characteristics of NZW rabbits.
AOAC (2012) Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Official methods of analysis. 19th Ed. AOAC, Washington. DC, USA.
Abdel-Azeem, A. F.; F. A. Mohamed; S. E. M. EL-Shiekh and A. F. Hessin (2017). Maximizing productivity of Lohmann chickens by feeding diets inclusions different levels of Moringa oleifera leaf meal as a safe feed additive. J. Animal and poultry prod. Mansoura University, 8 (8): 319-328.
Abo EL-Azab, Q. M. M. (2015). Effect of some natural antioxidants supplementation on productive performance of rabbits under heat stress conditions. Ph. D thesis,. Department of poultry production. Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University.
Aboul-ELa, S. S.; F. A. F. Ali; A. Madi and M. R. A. Abdel-Naby (2011). Olive cake meal as partial or complete substitute for clover hay in growing rabbit diets. Egyptian Journal of Nutrition and Feeds, 14: 109-119.
Abo-Zaid, M. A.; S. E. A. Farag and M. Saad (1993). Identification and purification of the phenolic compounds extracted from olive cakes. Egyptian Journal of Applied Science, 8 (6): 791-802.
Abubakar, M; U. Ibrahim; A. U. Yusuf; A. S. Muhammad and N. Adamu (2015) Growth performance, Carcass and organ characteristics of growing rabbits fed graded leaves of Moringa oleifera leaf meal in diets. Bayera Journal of pure and Applied Sciences, 8 (2): 7-9.
Adedapo, A. A.; O. M. Moghojuri and B. O. Emikpe (2009). Safty evaluations of aqueous extract of leaves of Moringa oleifera in rats. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 3 (8): 586-591.
Agriculture Ministry Decree (1996). The Standard Properties for Ingredients, Feed Additives and Feed Manufactured for Animal and Poultry. El-Wakaee.
Ahemen, T.; A. H Abu and L. K. Iorgilim (2013). Physiological responses of rabbits fed graded levels of Moringa oleifera leaf meal (MOLM): Some aspects of hematology and serum biochemistry Archives of Applied Science Research, 5 (2): 172 – 176.
Ahmed, R. M. A. (2017). Evaluation of Moringa (Moringa oleifera) as a new feed for rabbits, M. Sc. Thesis, Department of Animal and Poultry production, Faculty of Technology and development. Zagazig University.
Akinmutimi, A. H. (2004). Evaluation of Sword bean (Canavalia gladiate) as an alternative feed resources for broiler. Department of Non-ruminant Animal prod, Ph. D thesis. Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria.
Bouatene, D; L. G. Bohoua and S. Dabonne (2011). Effect of Moringa oleifera on growth performance and health status of young post-weaning rabbits. Research Journal of Poultry Sciences, 4 (1): 7-13.
Cheeke, P. R. (196). Potentials of rabbit production in tropical and subtropical agricultural systems. J. Ani. Sci. 63,1581-1586.
Cheeke, P. R. (1987). Rabbit feeding and nutrition. Academic press. Ozlanda, Florida, U. S. A.
Dacie, J. V. and S. M. Lewis (1995). Practical hematology. 8th ed. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh.
Dong, X. F.; W.W. Gao; J.M. Tong; H. Q. Jia; R. N. Sa and Q. Zhang (2007). Effect of palysavane (alfalfa extract) on abdominal fat deposition and Immunity in broiler chekens. Poult. Sci., 86: 1995-1959.
DU, P. L.; P. H. Lin; R.Y. Yang and J. C. Hsu (2007). Effect of dietary supplementation of Moringa oleifera on growth performance, blood characteristics and immune response in broilers. Journal of chinese society of Animal Science, 36 (3): 135-146.
Duke, J. A. (1983). Handbook of energy crops (Moringa oleifera). Center for new crops and plant products. Purdue University, Indiana, US. http: www. hort.
Emongor,V. E. (2009). Growth of Moringa (Moringa oleifera lam) seedling provenances under Batswana conditions. Botswana of Agricultural and Applied Science, 5 (2): 56-63.
Esonu, B. O; C. F. Ekpor; I. C. Okoli and F. C. Iheukwumere (2001). Performance and blood chemistry of weaner pigs fed raw mucuna (velvet bean) meal. Tra. Anim. Prod. Invest, 4: 49-54.
Foidl, N. and R. Paull (2008). Moringa oleifera. In: the Encyclopedia of fruit and nutrient (ABI, Oxford shine. UK, Pp 509-512.
Fuglie, L(1999). Proceeding food without pesticides: local solution to crop pest control in west Africa CTA. Wageningen the Nether lands.
Hewitt, C. D.; D. J. Innes; J. Savary and M. R. Wills (1989). Normal biochemical and hematological values in New Zealand white rabbits. Clin. Chem., 35 (8): 1777 – 1779.
Iheukwumere, F. C. and I. C. Okoli (2002). Preliminary studies on raw Napoleana Imperialis as feed ingredient. 1: performance and blood chemistry of weaner rabbits. Trop-Anim. Prod., 5: 100-110.
Kelly, S. A. (2009). Moringa oleifera a multipurpose tree: Amandla resources. Ph. D. Dissertation, Kwazulu- Natal University, South Africa.
Makkar, H. P. S and K. Becker (1997). Nutrients and antiquity factors in different morphological parts of Moringa oleifera tree. J. Agri. Sci., 128: 311-322.
Manning, P. J.; D. H. Ringler and C. E. New comer (1994). The Biology of Laboratory Rabbit, 2nd ed. Academic press inc., San Diego, California, USA.
MOA (2001). Feed composition tables for Animal and Poultry feed stuff used in Egypt. Technical Bulletin No.1, central Lab for feed and food, Ministry of Agriculture, Egypt.
Nuhu, F. (2010). Effect of Moringa leaf meal (MOLM) on nutrient digestibility growth, carcass and blood indices of weaner rabbits. M. SC. Thesis, faculty of Agriculture of Science and Natural resources, Kwame Nkrumah University of science and Technology, Kumasi.
Odetola, O.; O. Adetola; T. I. OIjadunala; O. Y. Adedeji and O. A. Adu (2012). Utilization of moringa (Moringa oleifera) leaves meal as replacement for soybean meal in rabbits diets. Scholarly Journal of Agricultural Science, 2 (12): 309 – 313.
Odeyinka, S. M.; O. J. Oyedele; T. O. Adeleke and J. A. Odedire (2008). Reproductive performance of rabbits fed Moringa oleifera as replacement for centrosema Pubescens, gth world rabbit congress, Verona. Italy.
Omara, M. E., EL-Esawy Ghadas; W. A. Riad and A. M. A. Mohi EL-Din (2017). Effects of supplementing rabbits diets with Moringa oleifera dry leaves as different levels and their produdive performance Academia Journal of Biotechnology, 5 (1).
Oyawoye, E. O. and M. Ogunkunle (1998). Physiological and biochemical effects of raw jack beans on broilers. Proceeding of annual conference of Nigerian Society of Animal production, 23: 141-142.
Ozovehe, B. N. and G. C. Nzeh (2013). Effect of varying of Moringa oleifera leaf meal diet on growth performance, hematological indices and biochemical enzymes of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Elixir Aquaculture 57A: 14459 – 14466.
SAS Institute Inc., (2004). SAS procedures Guide for personal computers, Statistical Analysis System Institute, Inc., Cary, N. C.
Shetaewi, M. M. (1998) Efficacy of Dietary High Levels of Antioxidant Vitamins C And E for Rabbits Subjected to Crowding Stress. Egyptian J. Rabbit Sci., 8 (2): 95-112
Sravanthi, J. and S. G. Rao (2014) Anti-oxidative studies in Moringa oleifera Lam. Annals of phytomedicine, 3 (2): 101 – 105.
Steel, R. G. D. and J. H. Torrie (1980). Principles and Procedures of Statistics: A Biometrical Approach (2nd Ed.). Mc Graw-Hill Book Co., New York.
Thrall, M. A.; G. Weiser; R. Allison and T. W. Compbell (2012). Veterinary Hematology and clinical chemistry. 2nd ed. Wiley-Blackwell, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Ames, IA, USA.
Wintrobe (1967). Clinical Hematology 6th Ed Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, 415 – 427.
Yakubu, B; J. M. Nathan and M. S. Yahya (2013). Effects of substituting ground nut cake with moringa (Moringa oleifera) leaf meal on growth performance, carcass yield and hematological profile of weaner rabbits. Journal of Science, Technology & Education, 2, (1): 77-84.
Yang, R. X; S. C. S Tsou; T. C Lee; L. C Chang; G. Kuo and P. Y. Lai (2006). Moringa a novel plant nutrients. American Chemical Society Symposium Series, 925: 224-239.