A.E. Eid1, Ragaa A. Ahmed2, E.S. Baghdady1, Amal Elfeky1 and Asmaa S. Abd El_Naby3
1Department of Animal Production Faculty of agriculture, Suez Canal –university.
2Department of Aquaculture Faculty of Fish & Fisheries Technology Aswan University.
3. Department of Nutition.Central Laboratiry For Aquculture Research.. Abbassa Abohamad. Sharkia
Astudy was undertaken to determine the effect of the dietary lipid levels on growth performance , feed utilization and body composition of Nile tilapia larvae. Four isonitrogenous diets (40% crude protein) and dietary lipid levels (4, 6, 8 and 10% DM) were fed to satiation Nile tilapia larvae for 9 weeks. The best survival, weight gain, specific growth rate (SGR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and feed efficiency were observed for larvae fed 8% lipid level. While the poorest survival, specific growth rate (SGR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), lowest weight gain, specific growth rate (SGR), feed efficiency and highest feed conversion ratio (FCR), were observed with larvae fed 4% lipid level. The lipid content of fish were positively correlated with dietary lipid level. The body protein content increased with increasing the protein levels in the diet. It could be concluded that the requirement of lipid for Nile tilapia fry was 8% lipid under the present experimental condition.
Ahmadi .F. H.; B.Falahatkar; L. H. Ershad (2011). The influence of different lipid sources and levels on growth, body composition and hematology of Husohuso. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. N. 95 (5), 632.
AOAC (2004). Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 14th Edn., AOAC, Arlington, VA.
Arzel, J.; L. F.Martinez and R.Métailler (1994). Effect of dietary lipid on growth performance and body composition of brown trout (Salmotrutta) reared in seawater. Aquaculture, 123, 361–375.
Beamish, F.W.H. and T.E. Medland (1986). Protein sparing effects in large rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri. Aquaculture, 55, 35–42.
Bonvini, E.; L. Parma; L. Mandrioli; R. Sirri; C .Brachelente; F .Mongile; P.Gatta and A .Bonaldo (2015). Feeding common sole (Soleasolea) juveniles with increasing dietary lipid levels affects growth, feed utilization and gut health. Aquaculture 449, 87–93.
Bromley, P.J. (1980). Effects of dietary protein, lipid and energy content on the growth of turbot (Scophthalamus maximua L.) Aquaculture, 19, 359–369.
Castro, J.J. and C.Caballero (2004). Effect of the light intensity upon the agonistic behaviour of Juvenile of white-seabream (Diplodussar guscadenati) . Aggressive Behaviour, 30: 313–318.
Cho, C.Y. and S. J. Kaushik (1990). Nutritional energetics in fish: energy and protein utilization in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). World Rev. Nutr. Diet, 61: 132-172.
Chou, B.S. and S.Y. Shiau (1996). Optimal dietary lipid level for growth of juvenile hybrid tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus x Oreochromis aureus. Aquaculture, 143: 185-195.
Duncan, D.B. (1955). Multiple range and multiple F-Test. Biometrics, 11: 1−42.
Einen, O. and A. J.Roem (1997). Dietary protein/energy ratios for Atlantic salmon in relation to fish size: Growth, feed utilization and slaughter quality. Aquaculture.Nutrtion., 3: 115-126.
Ellis, S.C. and R. C. Reigh (1991). Effects of dietary lipid and carbohydrate levels on growth and body composition of juvenile red drum Sciaenopsocellstus. Aquaculture, 97: 383-394.
El-Sayed, A.M. and J.R. Garling (1988). Carbohydrate-to-lipid ratio in diets for Tilapia zillii fingerlings. Aquaculture, 73: 157-163.
FAO (2009). Information and knowledge sharing. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Technical Guidelines for Responsible Fisheries No. 12, Rome.
FAO (2012). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed July 20, 2012.
FAO (2014). Management of inland waters for fish: a cross-sectoral and multi-disciplinary approach. In The state of world fisheries and aquaculture 2014.Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome. pp. 116–120.
Garling, D.J. and R.P. Wilson (1977). Effects of dietary carbohydrate-to-lipid ratio on growth and body composition of fingerling channel catfish. Prog. Fish-Cult., 39: 43-47.
Jauncey, K. (2000). Nutritional requirements. In M.C.M. Beveridge and B.J. McAndrew eds. Tilapias: Biology and Exploitation, pp. 327-375. Lancaster, United Kingdom, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 508 pp.
Kaushik, S.J. and F. Medale (1994). Energy requirement, utilization and dietary supply to salmonids. Aquaculture, 124: 81-97.
Lee, D.J. and G.B. Putnam (1973). The response of rainbow trout to varying protein/energy ratios in a test diet. J. Nutr., 103, 916–922
Liao, K.; J.Yan; K. S.Mai and Q. H. Ai (2016). Dietary lipid concentration affects liver mitochondrial DNA copy number, gene expression and DNA methylation in large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B, 193, 25–32.
Marais J.F.K. and G.W. Kissil (1979). The in£uence of energy level on the feed intake, growth, feed conversion and body composition of Spaurus aurata. Aquaculture 17, 203-219.
Nematipour, G.R.; M.L. Brown and D.M. Gatlin (1992). Effects of dietary energy:protein ratio on growth characteristics and body composition of hybrid striped bass Morone chrysops X M. saxatilis. Aquaculture 107, 359-368.
NRC (1983). Nutrient Requirement of Warmwater Fishes and Shell-fishes.National Academy of Science, Washington, DC.
Pei, Z.; S.Xie ; W.Lei and X. Y. Zhu & Yang (2004). Comparative study on the effect of dietary lipid level on growth and feed utilisation for gibel carp (Carassiusauratus gibelio) and Chinese longsnout catfish (Leiocassislongirostris Gunther). Aquaculture Nutrition., 10: 209-216.
Peng, S. M.; L. Q.Chen; J. G.Qin; J. L.Hou; N. Yu; Z. Q.Long and X. J. Sun (2015). Effects of replacement of dietary fish oil by soybean oil on growth performance and liver biochemical composition in juvenile black seabream, (Acanthopa grusschlegeli). Aquaculture, 276, 154–161.
Peres, H. and A.Oliva-Teles (1999). Effect of dietary lipid level on growth performance and feed utilization by European sea bass juveniles (Dicentrarchus labrax). Aquaculture, 179: 325-334.
Rahimnejad, S.; I. C.Bang; J. Y. Park; A. Sade; J.Choi and S. M. Lee (2015). Effects of dietary protein and lipidlevels on growth performance, feed utilization and body composition of juvenile hybrid grouper,( Epinephelusfusco guttatus)× (E. lanceolatus). Aquaculture, 446, 283–289.
Regost, C.; J. Arzel; M. Cardinal; J.Robin; M. Laroche and S.J. Kaushik (2001). Dietary lipid level, hepatic lipogenesis and flesh quality in turbot (Psetta maxima). Aquaculture, 193,
SAS (1999). SAS Statistical Software, version 8. SAS Institute, Cary, NC.
Siddiqui, A. Q.; M.S. Howlader and A.A. Adam (1988). Effects of dietary protein levels on growth, feed conversion and protein utilization in fry and young Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Aquaculture. 70:63-73.
Syed, R. S. ( 2017). Effect of varying levels of lipid on growth performance, survival and body composition of Milkfish (Chanos chanos) . International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies 2017; 5(4): 30-34
Tabachek, J.L. (1986). Influence of dietary protein and lipid levels on growth, body composition and utilization efficiencies of Arctic charr,( Salvelinus alpinus )L .J.Fish .Biol , 29:139-151.
Watanabe, T. (1982). Lipid nutrition in fish. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. Part B: 73: 3-15.
Weatherup, R.N.; K.J.McCracken; R.Foy; D.Rice; J.McKendry; R.J. Mairs and R. Hoey (1997). The effects of dietary fat content on performance and body composition of farmed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture, 151: 173-184.
Williams C.D.and E.H. Robinson (1988). Response red drum to various dietary levels of menhaden oil. Aquaculture, 70: 107-120.