Fatma SH. Ismail¹ and Azza M. M. Badr²

¹Forage Crop, Res. Sec., Field crop, Res., Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt.

² Regional Center for food and feed, Agric. Res. Cent. Giza, Egypt.

Abstract :

This study was contacted to investigate the effects of row spacing and different rate of mineral nitrogen fertilization with / or without Bio-fertilizer on fodder beet productivity, quality and soil properties. We evaluated the effects of N level placement at rate of 60, 90, 120 kg/fed with and without bio-fertilizer and row spacing. The treatments content : A1: 58 cm, A2: 76 cm, T1: 60 kg/ fed N. without bio- fertilizer, T2: 60kg/ fed N with bio- fertilizer, T3: 90 kg/ fed N. without bio- fertilizer, T4: 90 kg/ fed N with bio- fertilizer, T5: 120 kg/ fed N without bio- fertilizer and T6: 120 kg/ fed N with bio- fertilizer. The results showed that the nitrogen application on number of leaves    and   root diameter value were non- significantly increased 47.38 and 14.43 cm for T6, while the root length value 53.25 cm for T4 was significantly increased. The highest values of fresh and dry leaves in  T4 were 6.90 and 0.90 ton/fed as effected by applying nitrogen fertilizer at rate of 90 kg N/fed with bio-fertilizer under 76 cm row spacing, while the highest values of fresh and dry root yield  in T1 were 71.93 and 10.51  ton/fed, respectively. We may conclude that using as soil application 90 kg N fed^-1 inter row spacing 58 cm could led to improving soil chemical properties, which in turn led to producing the highest root and leaves of fodder beet yield/ fed. The highest crude protein and fiber observed with leaves and roots under density row in (A2) 76 cm spaces compared with spacing raw 58 cm(A1), while NFE% content had a significant decrease with applying nitrogen fertilizer alone or combined with bio -fertilizer with leaves and roots under (A2) the values were 49.57, 68.21 compared with (A1). The T6 (120 kg/fed N + bio-fertilizer) recorded the highest values in crude protein while  were 14.99 and 12.91 in laves and roots, respectively, while the highest value in crude fiber was obtained from 60 kg fed^-1 nitrogen treatment without bio-fertilizer (T1), where values were 25.23 and 8.01%, respectively. In addition, the values of NFE% decrease significantly in T6. The values were increased significantly for IV-DMD%, GP (ml/200mgDM), IV-DOM% and ME (MJ/kg DM) under (A2) 76 cm spaces between rows compared with spacing raw 58 cm (A1) in leaves. While the roots were increased in GP, IV-DOM% and ME (MJ /kg DM) from 29.04 (ml/200mgDM), 77.33% and10.20(MJ/kg DM) spacing raw 58 cm (A1) to 31.95 (ml/200mgDM), 81.79% and 11.02(MJ/kg DM) density of row in (A2) 76 cm spaces, respectively. The treatment T6 recorded the highest value in leaves. while in the root the highest value recorded on treatment T5 in GP, IV-DOM% and ME (MJ/kg DM) analysis, where the values are 42.12 (ml/200mg DM) ,86.92% and 11.95(MJ /kg DM), respectively except IV-DMD% were recorded high value 63.37% were recorded with T1. and GPSF with T2. These significantly increase may be due to  short chain fatty acid (SCFA mmol/ml gas), Gas production structure fractions (GPSF ml/g DM), Gas production non structure fractions (GPNSF ml/g DM) and Microbial protein (MP g/kg DOM) in (A2) 76 cm spaces between row compared with spacing raw 58 cm (A1) in beet roots. The values are 1.10, 5.14, 48.18 and 79.54, respectively. In the other hand, the beet leaves  are insignificant due to short chain fatty acids (SCFA mmol/ml gas), Gas production structure fractions (GPSF ml/g DM), Gas production non structure fractions (GPNSF ml/g DM) and Microbial mas production (MP g/kg DOM) the mineral nitrogen fertilizer alone and spacing row in (A1) 58 cm compared with spacing row in (A2) 76 cm.The treatment T6 (120 kg/fed N + bio-fertilizer) recorded highest value SCFA mmol/ml gas, Gas production nonstructural fractions GPNSF (ml/g DM) and Microbial protein (MP g/kg DOM) in leaves, where the values are 1.18, 51.61 and 82.30. while for the root where highest value recorded for treatment T5 (120 kg N/ fed without bio- fertilizer) in short chain fatty acids (SCFA mmol/ml gas).  Gas production nonstructural fractions (GPNSF ml/g DM) and Microbial protein (MP g/kg DOM), where the values are 1.76, 70.70 and 104.30, respectively. The roots have an excellent feed quality and they are very palatable to ruminant stock. This increase was attributed to the positive effect of fertilizers on the root growth, which consequently led to increasing the absorption of different nutrients. Fodder beet has extremely high yield potential when grown on high fertile soils. Fodder beet requires large amounts of nitrogen. In conclusion nitrogen fertilization has a positive effect on diameter and length of roots. The highest growth with nitrogen fertilization was associated with bio-fertilization. The quality and production of tubers were increased by increasing the distance between rows by increasing the nitrogen rates and giving the highest percentage of raw protein in roots with the nitrogen rate of 120 kg of T6 highest amount of leaves with high digestive value, while recorded the highest digestive value of roots recorded with the T5.

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